[http_request] Add enum for status codes (#7690)

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::start(std::string url, std::s
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  if (container->status_code < 200 || container->status_code >= 300) {
+  if (!is_success(container->status_code)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; URL: %s; Code: %d", url.c_str(), container->status_code);
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     // Still return the container, so it can be used to get the status code and error message