separate debug component for each platform in different file (#6715)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "debug_component.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <Arduino.h>
+namespace esphome {
+namespace debug {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "debug";
+
+std::string DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_() { return ""; }
+
+uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
+
+void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CPU Frequency: %u", rp2040.f_cpu());
+  device_info += "CPU Frequency: " + to_string(rp2040.f_cpu());
+}
+
+void DebugComponent::update_platform_() {}
+
+}  // namespace debug
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif